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The paper studies the economic determinants of government subsidies using panel data for 40 countries over 18 years (from 1975 to 1992) and finds that individual country-specific factors play a sizeable role in determining government subsidies. But it also suggests several characteristics—a small government, a small external current account deficit, and a productive structure geared more toward services and agriculture than manufacturing—may make it easier to keep subsidy expenditures down. The paper also suggests that globalization and the associated increase in openness are not impediments to reducing subsidies. In itself, an IMF-supported adjustment program is found not to be a significant determinant of government subsidy expenditures.
Econometrics --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models --- Discrete Regressors --- Proportions --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Expenditure --- Government subsidies --- Total expenditures --- Logit models --- National accounts --- Econometric analysis --- Expenditures, Public --- Subsidies --- Econometric models --- National income --- France
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The reform of fiscal policies and institutions lies at the heart of structural adjustment in developing countries. Although the immediate aim of such reform is to reduce fiscal imbalances to achieve macroeconomic stability, the long-term goal is to secure more durable improvements in fiscal performance. This study reviews the fiscal reform experience of 36 low-income developing countries that undertook macroeconomic and structural adjustment in the context of the IMF's Structural Adjustment Facility and Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility during the period of 1985-95.
Tax law --- Public finance --- Fiscal policy --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- -Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- -336.2 <1-773> --- 338.24 <1-773> --- politique fiscale --- mesures fiscales --- pays en voie de developpement --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 382.256 --- 338.341.1 --- 336.201 --- 333.432.8 --- 336.3091724 --- 330.05 --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--Gebieden in ontwikkeling. Ontwikkelingslanden --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Gebieden in ontwikkeling. Ontwikkelingslanden --- fiscaal beleid --- belastingmaatregelen --- ontwikkelingslanden --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans). --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld. --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Government policy --- Working papers --- 338.24 <1-773> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Gebieden in ontwikkeling. Ontwikkelingslanden --- 336.2 <1-773> Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--Gebieden in ontwikkeling. Ontwikkelingslanden --- 336.2 <1-773> Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--Gebieden in ontwikkeling. Ontwikkelingslanden --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--Gebieden in ontwikkeling. Ontwikkelingslanden --- 336.2 <1-773> --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans) --- Fiscal policy - Developing countries --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) - Developing countries --- Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Statistics --- Labor --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Business Taxes and Subsidies --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Public finance & taxation --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Banking --- Civil service & public sector --- Revenue administration --- Expenditure --- Consumption taxes --- Taxes on trade --- Capital spending --- Taxes --- Current spending --- Tax administration core functions --- Expenditures, Public --- Spendings tax --- Revenue --- Capital investments --- Tax administration and procedure --- Kyrgyz Republic
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